Ingredient
PAP (Phthalimidoperoxycaproic Acid)
A peroxide-free whitening active designed to reduce sensitivity.
How it works. An organic peroxyacid that oxidizes stain molecules without generating as many free radicals as hydrogen peroxide.
Advantages
- Very low reported sensitivity
- Suitable for peroxide-averse users
Potential disadvantages
- Long-term clinical evidence still developing
- Cosmetic change often subtler than peroxide
Common concentrations. Consumer formulations vary; not always published.
Safety. Considered gentle in current use. Avoid overuse per manufacturer guidance.
Evidence strength. Limited